However, this perception is not correct. For the professor of the University of Applied Sciences (UPC), Fernando Jimenez, there are countless areas of application for this technology, including business.

“Robotics and fields of science are not exclusive. The artificial intelligence is applied in electronics, automotive engineering and the business world, especially in marketing,” he said.

In this sense, Jiménez explained, by way of example, the use of this advance in the management of investment portfolios through the development of systems which have the ability to make decisions, to classify or recognize information and predict the behavior of a market, for example, the stock market.

“A financial institution could observe the behavior of a portfolio of clients and analyze and even classify according to their risk level. In this field, artificial intelligence also plays an important role,” he said.

The specialist added that these are essentially the modern ways of injecting intelligence in products, processes and projects. “The artificial intelligence complements any action that makes the human being to make the process more predictable,” he said.

In Peru
UPC professor said that with the arrival of the latest innovations Peru depends much on the same market or the ability to assimilate the technology.
“Some companies already use this development to make their products more intelligent and effective. In our country, companies such as Cementos Pacasmayo and Backus and used in different production processes,” said Jimenez.

However, he added, the sector has more progress in incorporating this technology in prototype or project is the university.
“Many of them offer courses in artificial intelligence and robotics, but also used in research projects and students,” he said.

Costs
According to Jimenez, the development of artificial intelligence does not involve prohibitive costs. “Many of these neural networks are applied at the level of programming, hardware or a mixture thereof, and software. However, as digital technology is applied largely through software, the costs are cheaper, as many of these developments are at the computer “he said.
In that sense, the specialist said that the costs will depend on hardware devices and software used to develop a product, project or process.

Symposium
January 25 to January 27 will be held in Lima the World Symposium on Neural Networks (Artificial Intelligence) of the International Neural Network Society (INNS).

The INNS is the worldwide leader in the understanding of the computational aspects of human brain development in Engineering and Science of Machine Intelligence and Machine Intelligence.

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According to the survey, not only downtime can cost to SMEs in Latin America up to 12 thousand 250 dollars a day, but can cause them to lose customers or to the closure of the company.

The survey was conducted around the world and included over 1.840 respondents from 23 countries, among which are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. The results show the main trends on this issue in the companies surveyed in Latin America.

To avert critical situations, Symantec recommends:

• Do not wait until it’s too late: It is important that SMEs do not wait until disaster strikes to think about what should be done to protect your information.

• Implement complete protection of information reduces the risk of loss. SMEs should implement appropriate security solutions and backup your important files.

• Involving employees: Workers should be trained in computer security best practices and what to do if information is accidentally deleted or can not be in your files with ease.

• Frequent testing: The worst time to find that critical files had not been safe in a backup is after a disaster occurs.

• Make and revise a plan: If testing is often not possible because of resources and bandwidth, SMEs should at least review their disaster preparedness plan at least every three months.

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1. Prepare an emergency fund. Be prepared and do a reserve fund and giving a monthly amount when you spend replacing it.

2. Prepare promotional material. Depending on the nature of their work will be necessary to show something to the potential customer. An alternative, if you have a laptop, is to have the presentation loaded locally, if not connected to the internet when you see your client.

3. Home office. If you choose to labor at home try to give credible professional image and separate family and work, furnish the workspace best. Another alternative is to share office or rent one for hours, which also gives you a different physical address private.

4. Do not accept every job that comes along. When we started to work on our own, the temptation is to take each work presented. That can make us see overwhelmed by a lot of unprofitable task and leave us vulnerable to abusive clients.

5. Prioritize quality. It is likely that at some point is under pressure from the dates of delivery (which they always seem to get ahead) and a huge volume of things to do. However, should not lower the quality promised. Learn for next time.

6. Make work from time to time. A good way to make a name is to do work for charity and various non-profit organizations. The exposure you get will help you get other jobs (paid this time) that they can compensate the time spent in the other.

7. Do not rush to give your rates. Get all the information you can and tell the client to evaluate the job and that “x” days will call on a budget and a list of all the tasks involved to confirm whether both understood the same.

8. Manage your contacts. As time passes takes a lot of contacts that need to be managed. Since you can not have a file with the cards together at meetings of networking, exhibitions and seminars. All this information is valuable if properly managed, otherwise soon become a pile of useless cards.

9. That the urgent does not cover what is important. When things finally begin to move, we are so busy that we miss important things. Therefore, the entry should make a routine on his agenda for accounting, accounts receivable, accounts payable, taxes, filing, pulling what does not (that cleansing that only you can do), plan future activities, schedule tracking , among other tasks.

10. Legal aspects. Actually this should be the first point. Are there any restrictions in their area to establish your business? Do you need a rating? Should have a legal structure and may begin more informally?

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Conversely happens with absenteeism and turnover, which tend to diminish the extent that satisfaction is higher. Hence, many companies are showing interest to emphasize or even a place on lists of best companies for labor.

Some would say that at other times a good cry and ability to command were sufficient for people to do their jobs effectively.

However, organizational consultant for the consultancy Profile, Gisela Medina, it is important to be aware that socio-economic changes bring new paradigms.

“These paradigms help to form expectations of future and current workers who are struggling today for posts not only provides stability but also a possibility for professional growth and development and why not also on a personal level” he said.

Trends
The executive said that current trends in human resource management appeals to just this, focusing on the potentiation of human talent as the main tool to excel in the market.

“It’s so job satisfaction is inserted as a necessary condition for review at the time of planning the organization’s goals” he said. He said that job satisfaction is nothing that the attitude people have toward their work, and is influenced by working conditions, recognition, relationships and potential for development as career paths, among others.

Signs
When people do not feel satisfied at work exhibit behaviors that can be distinguished:

• Those seeking a new job.

• Try to talk to their bosses to improve conditions.

• Prefer to wait passively relying on “good work” of your business.

Which hinder the operations, limiting their efforts and allowing thus worsening the situation. “It’s important to know that employees do not always stay in these positions, but can be varied from one to another, according to the circumstances they perceive in their environment and the perception of their own possibilities,” said Medina.

What to do?
When an organization partners are not satisfied is important to use the roads, not only for the purpose of channeling information-generating situations of conflict, but also of the proposals.

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Should identify and evaluate as far as possible these business costs, it is possible that these activities will be reached prior to the decision, even of not launching the project. A rough preliminary assessment, will give the entrepreneur an idea of the “first minimum bet” to be carried out before embarking on the “final bid.”

Company Constitution
Once it is clear what the product or service that will be developed will require a “framework” law from which to develop this activity. Whether either personally through a society will have to constitute the company.

These procedures have a cost, sometimes important in relation to the size of the project. Should be taken into account, it is one thing that we believe are unnecessary or useless red tape and another thing is that they are free.

Whether these procedures are performed by the entrepreneurial team itself and if you hire a professional to its management can represent a significant expense, both in money and time to be taken into account in the cash-flow forecast for the first stage of the business ( and implementation schedule).

In this case, you should take the time to detail the steps and formalities to be carried out by calculating their associated costs. Although only be created once the company should finish this stage affect the other tasks that the entrepreneur should address later.

Unfortunately the worst of the process of setting up a business is that if done right does not, in principle, the greater impact on long-term development of the project, but if done wrong …

Establishment
In most cases, the company incorporated there is not enough to start working. Today it is difficult, for instance, designing a business without the presence of at least one computer. And if you put a computer, it would not hurt the power and IT infrastructures, and by the way, the water in case you need to go to the bathroom throughout the day. Did you say the phone?

Starting a business, including a business “virtual” Internet involves recruiting a number of services and incur expenses that should be provided with as much detail as once “has begun” very desagardable having to start disbursing money issues that were not foreseen. Perhaps part of the feeling that some entrepreneurs have everyone seeks to benefit from starting a business has its origin in this lack of foresight.

Initial Investment
If, in addition to all these expenses, you have to rent or buy a local business providing the special equipment, fill the office furniture and office supplies, or buy products for the store, this is another important chapter in the analysis of money involved in the implementation of the project.

From an accounting point of view, some of these concepts may not be incurred, but from the standpoint of the entrepreneur’s pocket represents an important chapter can exhaust the financial capacity of entrepreneurial team and to limit the scope of the project in early stages of development.

Another difcultad added in this case is to calculate the “optimal size” of this initial investment. After all, both can open the store as the store filled with only half of the genre. And in this sense, many entrepreneurs opt for the formula of less is more. Have been constituted for many companies as a limited company with capital of 500,000 PTA. for the simple reason that it was “the least that something needs to go.”

Of course, and input and without further argument, this argument does not say a lot about the desire for entrepreneurial team planning. One thing is you want to be conservative in how to apply the available capital and the other is that the initial capital requirements to be at definción, minimum.

Release
In addition to preparing the business to begin work in optimal conditions (ie, making a correct initial investment) may be necessary to kick-start a “special” to the business so that it starts to roll.

Certain projects will require an initial advertising campaign for attracting first customers and to publicize the project. This may be another major cost that must be addressed as soon as possible and can be considered part of the implementation process.

If the money available has been exhausted, for lack of estimates, costs (contingency) for the establishment of the company and fill the stores but now there is money to be made available, the project’s future is quite uncertain. Although this does not necessarily end with the project if it can force the entrepreneur to have to make decisions quickly (“hastily?) To give (again) the business of financial strength. In many cases the price paid by the entrepreneur is high.

Also within the period of “release” may be desirable to ensure a minimum period of survival until the business takes speed and remain alone.

In other words this means that someone must be paying the expenses until the business can, later, pay for itself with the margin derived from sales. This one is, of course, the entrepreneur.

This is important to have a proper estimate of cash to meet not only the cost of creating the company but also to keep working as long as you decide, regardless of sales performance. Not for nothing one of the principal causes of failure of new businesses is the financial exhaustion before landing a minimum volume of business. Simple, but fatal. Can you imagine the attitude of the bank manager when the entrepreneur concerned to explain that just a matter of few months the business begins to operate, but now desperately needs a loan to pay the running costs?

Other hidden costs
In a project of setting up a company there are some hidden costs that, while apparently not involving movement of money by the enterprise itself must be considered for a proper assessment of the cost of setting up the company.

Typically, for example, that the entrepreneurial team waive all or part of his salary until the company can afford this game. Besides altruism shown by the entrepreneurs, they should be aware of the “contribution” hidden performed every month in the business and in a few months may represent a significant amount even higher than officially contributed capital without instead get right to future dividend payments.

While at first, a team of entrepreneurs all is illusion and will, if not then the results just came out as expected can cause unnecessary stress that in no way help the development of the project. And when they come to the surface hidden costs (for example, if one of the entrepreneurs to pay a mortgage every month and another lives happily at home with their parents) it is easy to divert attention from the real objective of the business.

Other hidden costs in launching a business can be just the opportunity cost of having continued on previous work or to have committed capital to other investments more profitable (or safer), not counting the hours “extras” that are likely the entrepreneur will face.

These costs are often not being valued in the process of starting a business. While the exact calculation of its value does not seem to make any use, at least, knowledge of its existence may help the entrepreneur to make better decisions in planning your business.

Getting the money
If after considering all these aspects, the entrepreneur gets to have some idea of how much it will cost to implement your project, then discover that just knows how to get the amount you have calculated, for this, oddly enough, is usually higher than money have saved. At this time, there are basically two strategies to bring the capital to the project (or vice versa).

The first strategy is to reduce building costs. In this sense, may be considered a distinct social form, some smaller stocks or launched to build the company without depleting resources in previous studies. A priori, none of these “technical” is wrong in itself. It is important not to undermine the project reach certain changes so you are creating a company other than the designed business plan.

The second strategy is, of course, increase the capital available. Among the “techniques” most common are to convince the family to contribute money, find other backers, visit (in vain) the bank’s office lifetime or expect to get one of those great public subsidy of the whole speaking world, especially politicians. Again, these alternatives are entirely lawful and in the bottom, begin to teach the entrepreneur who is planning something on paper and another move in the daily reality of creating and managing a business.

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Once the entrepreneur has given a few turns to her idea and begins to believe that the thing can get to work is one of the more doubts you can mislead to the point of abandoning the idea.

The question is: How much does create this company?
In fact, behind the question of how much it cost to create a company hiding several different questions, complex and high, too important to respond to the light. In essence, the entrepreneur or entrepreneurial’re wondering:
* How much money do I have to “mobilize” in the project?
* If I have enough money saved, how I can get the rest?
* And, if this goes wrong, how I can reach a maximum loss?

Too many questions without an exact answer. The most sensible way to address this issue is, as always, to simulate in the Business Plan the implementation of the project, with various means if you can, and try to calculate the maximum accuracy the economic cost can represent.

Stages in the Creation of Enterprise
Imagine, therefore, that the entrepreneur decides to take the project forward without money problems. What steps would to start the company?.

It is likely that the idea needs to be validated, even partially, in the form of a prototype. We will have to do a little market research. Maybe take some license or registering a trademark. Of course, to give legal form to the project. And rent a place?, “And hire someone?, Etc, etc.

In creating the company we can distinguish a series of more or less distinct phases, each of which involve a certain cost or investment, in the final contest of “money.” Consider, then, each of these stages from the point of view of their cost.

For certain projects, usually related to any invention or product “manufactured” typically requires a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of this idea of product. Plus it can be useful to attract outside investors. In these cases, the previous development can certainly have a high cost with the aggravation that still can not be attributed to the company and must be, therefore, the entrepreneur who assumes from the outset that cost. (Later, these costs may be charged to the newly created company, but that will be so only if the company really comes up.)

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